ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the causes of death in Thoroughbred horses at the Racetrack "La Rinconada", in Caracas (Venezuela) during 2008-2012. This study was conducted in a cohort of all Thoroughbred horses that died or were subjected to euthanasia. Data was collected retrospectively. Only horses for which a full necropsy report was available were included in the study. The carcass and all internal organs of each horse were examined and representative samples of tissues with abnormalities were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination. Samples were collected for bacteriological or virological examination when indicated in gross examination. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. A total of 532 Thoroughbred horses were examined post-mortem. Of these horses, 44% were females and 56% males. In general musculoskeletal injuries and dilaceration occurred specifically at higher frequency. The total year and horses dead for descriptive statistical analysis was to mean 106.4 and median 125; Standard Deviation: 47.82573; variation (Standard Deviation): 2287.3, population (Standard Deviation): 42.77663 and variance (Standard Deviation): 18229.84. In conclusion we identify and describe the causes of death in Thoroughbred Race Horses in Caracas, Venezuela. In order of importance the causes of death were principally skeletal muscle injuries resulting in fractures euthanasia, abdominal crisis were mostly bowel twists and gastric rupture andrespiratory pathologies such as the pneumonia, pleuritis presented a significant number of cases of pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise. Finally the multisystem pathologies were presented in low cases.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as causas de morte em cavalos de raça Puro Sangue no rasto "La Rinconada", em Caracas, Venezuela, durante 2008-2012. Este estudo foi conduzido com cavalos Puro Sangue que morreram ou foram submetidos à eutanásia. Os dados foram escolhidos retroativamente. Somente cavalos com relatório de necropsia disponível foram incluídos neste estudo. Foram examinados o cadáver e todos os órgãos internos de cada cavalo e as amostras representativas de tecidos com anormalidades foram coletadas em 10% de formol neutro e processadas para exame histopatológico. As amostras foram apanhadas para o exame bacteriológico ou virológico somente quando indicadas em exame macroscópico. Uma análise estatística descritiva foi feita e um total de 532 cavalos Puro Sangue foi examinado através de necropsia. Destes cavalos, 44% eram fêmeas e 56% machos. Em geral, rompimentos musculares esqueléticos ocorreram mais frequentemente. O ano total e cavalos de mortos para análise estatística descritiva foi em média 106.4, mediana 125; Padrão de Divergência: 47.82573; variação (padrão de Divergência): 2287.3, população (Padrão de Divergência): 42.77663 e discrepância (Padrão de Divergência): 18229.84. Para concluir, identificamos e descrevemos as causas de morte em Cavalos Raça de Puro Sangue em Caracas, Venezuela. As causas de norte, por ordem da importância, foram lesões do músculo esquelético que causaram fraturas e eutanásia, crises abdominais principalmente por distorção e a ruptura gástrica e patologias viventes como a pneumonia e a pleurisia apresentaram um número significante dos casos de hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Finalmente, as patologias multi-sistêmicas foram apresentadas em poucos casos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Retrospective Studies , Horses , Mortality/historyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Aim To assess if calibration of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) using a high-pressure balloon inflated at the UPJ level in patients with suspected crossing vessels (CV) could differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic stenosis prior to laparoscopic vascular hitch (VH). Materials and Methods We reviewed patients with UPJO diagnosed at childhood or adolescence without previous evidence of antenatal or infant hydronephrosis (10 patients). By cystoscopy, a high-pressure balloon is sited at the UPJ and the balloon inflated to 8-12 atm under radiological screening. We considered intrinsic PUJO to be present where a ‘waist’ was observed at the PUJ on inflation of the balloon and a laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is performed When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. Patients with absence of intrinsic PUJ stenosis documented with this method are included for the study. Results Six patients presented pure extrinsic stenosis. The mean age at presentation was 10.8 years. Mean duration of surgery was 99 min and mean hospital stay was 24 hours in all cases. We found no intraoperative or postoperative complications. All children remain symptoms free at a mean follow up of 14 months. Ultrasound and renogram improved in all cases. Conclusion When no ‘waist’ is observed we considered this to represent extrinsic stenosis and a laparoscopic VH was performed. In these patients, laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels (‘vascular hitch’) may be a safe and reliable surgical technique.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Ureteral Obstruction/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Angioplasty, Balloon/methods , Kidney Pelvis/surgery , Kidney Pelvis/blood supply , Pressure , Calibration , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Angioplasty, Balloon/instrumentation , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Hydronephrosis/surgeryABSTRACT
La tinción de Ziehl Neelsen (ZN), es una técnica de coloración de microorganismos para la identificación de patógenos, como Mycobacterium tuberculosis causante de la tuberculosis, que requiere de tres (03) soluciones: Carbol Fucsina Fenicada (Fucsina Básica), Azul de Metileno al 1% y Solución Decolorante, que se elaboran en la Sección de Reactivos y Colorantes del Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" y se emplean en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis. Esta investigación surgió con el propósito de comprobar el tiempo de caducidad y condiciones de almacenamiento de dichos productos y presentarlos en un estuche tipo kit para su distribución, en apoyo a la Red Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud Pública y comercialización con otros entes. Se realizó el ensayo de tres (3) lotes del kit de Ziehl Neelsen; con su respectiva contramuestra que fue evaluada en el análisis final. Se registraron los parámetros físicos de temperatura y humedad relativa bajo condiciones normales de almacenamiento en el laboratorio, con las muestras protegidas de la luz. Se evaluó la funcionalidad por medio de la tinción ZN observada bajo microscopio, de tres (03) muestras con ATCC 700686: M. peregrinum y ATCC 29213: S. aureus por lote; tomando en cuenta el exceso de colorante, y la definición de las coloraciones. Estas evaluaciones se realizaron durante dos (02) años encontrándose como resultado que física y funcionalmente los productos contentivos en el kit se mantenían estables, fijándose un tiempo de caducidad de dos (02) años.
Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) is a staining technique of microorganisms for the identification of pathogens as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causative of tuberculosis, which requires three (03) solutions: Carbol Fuchsin combined with Phenol (Basic Fuchsin), Methylene Blue 1% and Bleaching solution, which are prepared in Section of Reagents and Coloring of the Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" and are used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This investigation was made with the purpose of checking the shelf life and storage conditions of these products and present them in a kit type container for distribution in support of the National Network of Public Health Laboratories and marketing with other entities. The analysis was performed in three (3) batches of the Ziehl Neelsen kit; with their respective counter sample that was evaluated in the final analysis. The physical parameters of temperature and relative humidity were recorded in the laboratory under normal storage conditions with samples protected from light. The functionality was evaluated through ZN staining being observed under a microscope three (03) samples with ATCC 700686: M. peregrinum and ATCC 29213: S. aureus by Batch; taking into consideration the excess dye, and the definition of the colors. These evaluations were conducted for two (02) years found as main result that physically and functionally the products in the kit were stable, and can set an expiration time of two years.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Public HealthABSTRACT
Objetivos: Conocer el impacto económico de la peste en tres provincias de Cajamarca en los años 1994 y 1999. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo se estimaron los costos directos e indirectos (institucionales, de las familias y comunidades) de la peste en las provincias de San Miguel, San Pablo y Contumazá del departamento de Cajamarca en los años 1994 y 1999. La información necesaria para el cálculo de los costos se obtuvo de diversas fuentes: recopilación de datos documentados, entrevisats a personal de salud y/o directores o jefes de instituciones o establecimientos, encuestas a hogares, etc. Resultados: En 1994, el costo total estimado de la peste ascendió a 2 333 169 dólares: insumos-MINSA (81 388 dólares), otras instituciones (106 428 dólares), de las familias (663 449 dólares) y por moetalidad (1 416 870 dólares). En tanto que en 1999, el costo total ascendió a 741 431 dólares: insumos-MINSA (322 371 dólares), atención directa-MINSA (34 063 dólares), otras instituciones (15 477 dólares), de las familias (369 550 dólares) y ningún costo por mortalidad. Conclusiones: La peste tiene un alto costo en la economía peruana a nivel regional, existiendo variaciones en el tiempo, de acuerdo a comportamiento de la enfermedad y a las políticas adoptadas para su control y prevención.
Objectives: To determine the economic impact of plague in three provinces of Cajamarca department in 1994 and 1999. Materials y methods: In this observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study, we estimated the direct and indirect costs (institutional, familial, and community costs) of plague in San Miguel, San Pablo, and Contumazá provinces in Cajamarca Department for 1994 and 1999. Data for cost calculation was obtained from different sources: data compilation, interviews to health care workers and/or directors or managers of health institutions and health facilities, home surveys, etc. Results: In 1994, the total estimated cost of plague rose to US$ 2'333,169. This cost was divided as follows: MINSA (Ministry of health, working materials) (US$ 65,034), MINSA-direct attention (US$ 81,388), institutional cost (US$ 106,428), family cost (US$ 663,449), and mortality cost (US$ 1'416,870). In 1999, the total cost rose to US$ 741,431, and it was divided as follows: MINSA-working materials (US$ 322,371), MINSA-direct attention (US$ 34,063), institutional cost (US$ 15,477), family cost (US$ 369,550) and no cost for mortality. Conclusions: Plague has a hight cost for the regional economy of Peru, and there are annual costs variations, according to the disease behavior and the policies for its control and prevention.
Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Health Care Costs , Health Expenditures , Plague/economics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , PeruABSTRACT
Emergency obstetric hysterectomy is a procedure that potentially preserves the life and the postpartum bleeding is the direct cause of its indication, the hemorrhage postpartum happens in 1 of obstetric patients. This study was carried out to identify women with potential risk for this event and to prevent this obstetric problem. The most frequent indications for hysterectomy were identified, as well as the sociodemographic characteristic of the patients. The surgical procedure carried out was extra-fascial technique with type Richardson hysterectomy modified; the surgical pieces went to the pathology service, to obtain the histopathological diagnosis. 43 cases of obstetric hysterectomy, were analyzed; the characteristics of this group showed that bigger percentage of this event was more frequent in 31 to 35 years (39.5), with pregnancies at term (51.1) in third pregnancies(27.9), nulliparas (60.4), with first cesarean section (39.5), without previous abortions (79.0). The most frequent obstetric complications were uterine atony and placenta accreta. The cause for uterine atony could be interstitial edema, as well as myometrial hypertrophy, because such histopathological diagnoses were the most common. Odds ratio showed that a patient with cesarean section has 1.16 more probabilities of suffering hysterectomy than a woman with childbirth. This study describes the histological presence of interstitial edema and myometrial hypertrophy as possible causes of uterine atony in the histological study of surgical specimen. This could be related to no response of myometrial to the uterus-tonic effect of oxytocin. Obstetric uterine dysfunction has multifactorial cause. Patients with the characteristics described in this study should be considered as high risk.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Emergencies , Postpartum Hemorrhage/surgery , Hysterectomy , Uterine Rupture , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Obstetric Labor Complications/epidemiology , Postpartum Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Hysterectomy , Mexico , Parity , Placenta Accreta , Risk Factors , Uterine Inertia , Uterine RuptureABSTRACT
Los dermatofibromas múltiples (DFM) han sido descritos en varios desórdenes autoinmunes, especialmente en pacientes con Lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) o bajo terapia inmunosupresora. Para investigar el papel de los mastocitos en la formación de los DFM asociados a enfermedades autoinmunes, se cuantificó su número en diez lesiones procedentes de cuatro pacientes con LES. Se concluye que el número de mastocitos en los deramtofibromas (DF) se correlacionan con el tiempo de evolución, estando aumentado en los DF recientes y disminuidos en los antiguos. En DFM el número de mastocitos es mayor que los DF solitarios, lo que sugiere que la proliferación reactiva en los casos múltiples es mayor
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Mast Cells , Dermatology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Las tineas dermatológicas, con excepción de la capitis, son consideradas como raras en los niños, tal como lo demuestra la literatura especializada. El objeto de este estudio fue observar la frecuencia de Tinea ungueum, pedis y cruris en la población pediátrica e identificar los agentes causales, también, analizar la influencia de otras variables tales como, el tipo de calzado usado y las posibles fuentes de infección
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Child , Tinea Pedis/diagnosis , Tinea Pedis/etiology , Tinea Pedis/pathologyABSTRACT
Los autores comparan la respuesta clínica (medida con la Escala Breve de Evaluación Psiquiátrica-BPRS). la frecuencia e intensidad de efectos colaterales y la incorporación a actividades (trabajo, estudio, deportes) entre dos grupos de pacientes esquizofrénicos crónicos tratados ambulatoriamente (13 pacientes en cada uno) de la Consulta Externa del Hospital Centro de Salud Mental del Este "El Peñón". Baruta, durante seis meses. No se encontró diferencias significativa en las variables estudiadas entre el grupo que recibió trifluoperazina vía oral (5 ó 10 Mgs/día) y el grupo que recibió decanoato de flufenazina vía intramuscular (25 mgs/mes). Así mismo estudian los efectos benéficos del tratamiento con neurolépticos a bajas dosis y los comparan con los efectos de los tratamientos previos que recibían estos pacientes (combinación de neurolépticos y dosis mayores)